How to Control RGB LED with Arduino

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CanaKit Raspberry Pi 5 Starter Kit PRO

2Pcs Raspberry Pi Pico Development Board

40 PCS 20 CM Breadboard Jumper Wires

HiLetgo 5pcs USB to Serial CH340 Module

• Description: Control the color of an RGB LED using three potentiometers for red, green, and blue components.
• Requirements: RGB LED, 3 potentiometers, resistors.
• Learning Points: PWM (analogWrite), RGB color blending.

Schematic:

Code:

// File: RGB_LED_Color_Mixer.ino

// Define RGB LED pins

const int redPin = 11;    // Red LED (PWM)

const int greenPin = 10; // Green LED (PWM)

const int bluePin = 9;  // Blue LED (PWM)

// Define potentiometer pins

const int redPot = A0;   // Red potentiometer

const int greenPot = A1; // Green potentiometer

const int bluePot = A2;  // Blue potentiometer

void setup() {

  // Set RGB pins as outputs

  pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(greenPin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(bluePin, OUTPUT);

  // Start Serial Monitor for debugging (optional)

  Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

  // Read potentiometer values (0 to 1023)

  int redValue = analogRead(redPot);

  int greenValue = analogRead(greenPot);

  int blueValue = analogRead(bluePot);

  // Map potentiometer values (0 to 255) for PWM

  redValue = map(redValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);

  greenValue = map(greenValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);

  blueValue = map(blueValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);

  // Apply PWM values to RGB LED

  analogWrite(redPin, redValue);

  analogWrite(greenPin, greenValue);

  analogWrite(bluePin, blueValue);

  // Debugging: Print values to Serial Monitor

  Serial.print("Red: ");

  Serial.print(redValue);

  Serial.print(" | Green: ");

  Serial.print(greenValue);

  Serial.print(" | Blue: ");

  Serial.println(blueValue);

  delay(50); // Small delay for stability

}

Colors:

white:

Blue:

Green:

Red:

Black:

Blend1:

Blend2:

How It Works

1. Potentiometer Values:

   • Each potentiometer adjusts a single color component (Red, Green, or Blue).
   • The potentiometer’s position determines an analog value between 0 and 1023.

2. Mapping Values:

   • The analog input values (0–1023) are mapped to the PWM range (0–255) using map().

3. PWM Output:

   • analogWrite() is used to set the brightness of each color component.

4. Color Mixing:

• By combining different brightness levels of Red, Green, and Blue, you can create millions of colors.

Or just Download the Project here: 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lMa3po8TXfzRmLPR1ty03hLwuU_fmvQc/view?usp=drive_link

And watch my youtube channel, for more tutorials!